Conference. The Role of China as an Emerging Protagonist in Promoting Global peace and Stability
Institute for Research on
Portuguese-Speaking Countries
City University of Macau
助理教授
澳門城市大學葡语国家研究院
https://shimin.expo.macauo2o.com/player/detail?id=1829523698543558658&share=1
The Chinese way towards
peace, full human rights and Ecocivilization
António dos Santos Queirós
Three indivisible pillars can support a New Era of peace and stability:
A common strategy to the new ecological economy and sustainable development. A
common strategy for universal peace. A common strategy, to a multilateral world
where all nations could choose their own model of democratic political regimes.
The standpoint of my research, for 50 years ago, it is: If the People’s
Republic of China represents a new historical experience of democracy and
socialism, the Western conceptual framework of political hermeneutics is not
adequate to understand PRCh.
The critical resource to understand the Chinese way to a New Era, it is the
political philosophy, from its classic roots to the modern contributions. Two
mains’ principles define a collective awareness of China about international policy: respect for sovereignty and territorial
integrity and peaceful coexistence.
Mo Zi proposes an ethics of universal peace. Lao Zi wrote that we must
respect the intrinsic laws of nature and things. Acting without acting. What
mean, act with minimal interference, but with firm will and moral sense. Confucius
defended man, and nature in harmony
The way of peace crosses the political of the five principles of
peaceful coexistence, from Mao and Zhou Enlai: Those Principles are integrated on
the preamble of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, and was
adopted by the Non-Aligned Movement, in the core of Cold War and now, are reproduced
in the BRICS, the Belt and Road initiative and are present in all international
agreements of China.
“Safeguarding World Peace” is too, one of the three historical tasks of
Chinese socialism pathway, proclaims by Deng Xiao Ping,
Eurasia as the Promised Land of Twentieth Century Hegemonism
On other hand, the root of west political philosophy in XX century. According
to Mackinder's doctrine, the alliance between Germany and Russia, political and
military control of Eurasia, would represent the control of such formidable
demographic and natural resources, which could treat the dominance of the
Anglo-Saxon powers and the hegemonic rise of the USA.
A Rimland's theory holds that controlling power in countries around
Europe and Asia allows to dominate the Heartland, as Spykman says.
USA plan against Chinese
Threat and China Global Development Initiative
In the beginning of
December 2021, two documents established two opposite strategies to the world.
The Global Development
Initiative (GDI), proposed by China on the United Nations Assembly in 2021, that
aims catch up and accomplish the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
on risk by pandemic and regional conflicts, with a strong contribution of China
in all critical domains, from health to the green transition.
The American plan accuses
China to be responsible for the fall of the USA …without probes or facts and
wants to impose again its hegemony.
The American plan announces
the restriction and police surveillance of all activities and citizens of China
in the US and a global partnership around all continents, including the Arctic and
also the sidereal space, with the same negative intention.
The “EU-China Comprehensive
Agreement on Investment'' was the first victim of that aggressive plan.
And the EU New Strategy, face
to China, adopted those American line. hostile against China and the multilateralism,
in the name of the Human Rights.
Revisiting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights _ UDHR. From the
Fallacies to a New Generation of Rights and the role of China to approve and improve its
principles and articles
However, China it is co-founder of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, Drafted by J. P. Humphrey of Canada and Dr. P.C. Chang, representative
of China and mediator of Asian countries, the main negotiator of the consensus
established in the 30 articles. Eleanor Roosevelt enthusiastically supported
her.
USA, United Kingdom, France, subscribe the Declaration, but were
colonialist countries and racial discrimination was institutionalized in the metropolis and
in the colonies (the fascist regimes could not be the promotors of UDHR):
What are the essential Human Rights recognized in the Preamble
and 30 articles of the Declaration?
Peace, Labor rights, economic democracy, the right of nations to dispose
of themselves. Self-determination and independence. Refusal of hegemonism and social
discrimination…they have been elevated to the condition of fundamental human
rights and, are incompatible with the political nature and evolution of liberal
democracies.
Article 21º
The propaganda of Cold War needs to subvert and distort the principles
and articles of the original UDHR. The collage of Cold War propaganda linking
political Human Rights with the model of liberal democracy, it was a fallacy.
What Article 21 of UDHR prescribes is the way to citizenship and the diversity
of democratic regimes, which recognizes no superiority to liberal democracy.
Article 21º of UDHR open the gate of new democracies and History can walk again
to realize all the dreams and Human Utopias.
In the U.S. (and the West), traditionally, human rights are reduced to
formal political rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to a fair
trial, the right not to be tortured. But
it ends there.
Peoples Republic of China, incorporate the 30 articles of UDHR in the
Constitution and progressively, they turn them real to common people and design
international policy of China.
Peace. What are the essential
Human Rights?
The Preamble of
Declaration Universal of Human Rights proclaim as inalienable rights dignity are
freedom, justice and peace around the world. But, how build around the
world the essential Human Rights? The New China. answer with a great strategy
for peace: From the 5 principles of peaceful coexistence to the New Silk Road
and the Global Security Initiative for Peace with the Principle of Indivisible
Security, that President Xi Jinping proposed at the Annual Conference of the
Boao Forum for Asia on 21.04.2022.
A new way, aligned with the principles of the UN Charter, which rejects
the interventionism, and the path of building one's own security at the expense
of the security of others, in opposition to the old strategic concept that led
to the creation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the escalation of the Cold
War.
Applying to the
Ukraine war those principles, China propose three pillars for peace in Eurasia:
First pillar _ Respect the sovereignty of all
countries,
Second pillar _ The Suspension of Unilateral
Sanctions, not authorized by the UN Security Council
The political solution proposed by China also
incorporated the reduction of strategic risks, according to the principles that
nuclear weapons Should Not Be Used and Nuclear Wars Should Not Be Fought.
"The third pillar.
It was supported by Brazil and the countries of the
South, which constituted "the peace club" and deserved the support of
the international community in all political quarters. It is now resumed, during
the Sino-Ukrainian talks, on the light of the success of its peace diplomacy lf
China, on the issue of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia and by the
"Beijing Declaration on the end of division and the strengthening of
Palestinian national solidarity".
UN Resolution of 28 JULY 2022 add a 31º Article to
Human Rights Universal Declaration, recognizing Clean,
Healthy, Sustainable Environment as Human Right, claiming to preserve
biodiversity and proclaim that eradicating poverty in all its forms and
dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an
indispensable requirement for sustainable development. The historic
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity agreement was the result of the green
diplomacy of China.
S12 Eradication of
extreme poverty. The Two Guarantees and the Three Rights
Bout also the eradication of extreme poverty
in 2020, during seventy years of existence of the People's Republic of China,
for benefit of 850 million Chinese and
China's international contribution to reducing poverty, especially in Africa,
but also in the American continent,
China, Portuguese-speaking countries trade
well exemplified by
the trade balance in favor of Portuguese-speaking countries, in the order of 75 billion euros, with Brazil
contributing 75% of this amount and Angola 18%.
The economic models of Liberal Democracy and First ocialist Democracies C0-responsible for the
environmental crisis
This research pathway found that cold war never ends, the fall of USSR
and the renaissance of China create two negative waves:
Most of the left Parties do not understood why socialism was defeat in
the East Europe. And for most of the parties that remain communist, socialist
regimens needs to follow the model of USSR.
On the other hand, to neoliberal parties_ with the acronyms of
democratic parties, popular parties, socialist parties…liberal democracies were
the end of history, the peak of political progress.
Ecological Socialism Characteristics emerged in China to put into
question the two dogmatic views.
But, it Is RPCh the biggest polluter?
RPCH is not the main responsible for the climate change crises.
A long-time dogmatic propaganda, create a big political misunderstanding
and alienation in the awareness of citizens. That is the reason because it is
necessary a negative heuristic to dismount the fake prepositions_ gaps, fallacies
and fake news.
Political philosophy of PRCh create a constellation of
proposes toward a new Era of
Ecocivilization.
The resolution of the recent Third Plenary Meeting of
the Central Committee stressed that Chinese modernization follows the path of
peaceful and shared development, based on a foreign policy of peace. But also
ecologically sustainable, carbon and pollution reduction, which responds to
climate change, applying the principle of ecological socialism and its ethics,
that "clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets."
The 4-fowling thesis can
systematize the Chinese perspective of the dialectic from ecological socialism
towards ecological civilization.
The roots
of Chinese philosophy lie in the harmony of man with the nature of which he is
only a small part
_ An
ecological civilization is possible only with socialism.
_
Ecological civilization represents a new humanism, without the domination of
nature.
_ Having transcended
the industrial civilization, the ecological civilization represents a more
advanced state of human civilization
Lisbon/Macau, 31.08.2024
António dos Santos Queirós. Professor and Researcher. University of Lisbon
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